Xuemei Liu

Hier Rice Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Field Crop, 2025, Vol. 8, No. 5   
Received: 18 Aug., 2025    Accepted: 29 Sep., 2025    Published: 18 Oct., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important global staple crops, and optimizing its cultivation practices is essential for ensuring food security and economic efficiency. This study investigates how varying sowing densities influence early seedling development and ultimate yield outcomes in wheat. We examined the biological basis of density effects, including intra-species competition, resource allocation, and hormonal signaling, and evaluated how these factors shape early seedling vigor, tillering capacity, and root expansion. We also assessed how sowing density impacts final yield components, such as spike number, grain weight, and biomass accumulation, in interaction with environmental and management variables like soil fertility, climate, and agronomic practices. A regional case study further highlights practical outcomes of density variation. Finally, we explored advances in precision agriculture technologies-including remote sensing, AI modeling, and variable-rate seeding-for optimizing sowing density. This study concludes that fine-tuning sowing density based on local conditions and technological tools can significantly enhance wheat productivity and sustainability, while also identifying key knowledge gaps requiring further research.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum); Sowing density; Seedling growth; Final yield; Precision agriculture