Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the major oil crops in the world, which can be divided into edible sunflower, oil sunflower and ornamental sunflower according to its usage. As the current production demand, the main breeding aims are to improve the yield and beauty of oil and edible sunflower. In this study, 77 oil sunflower materials and 59 edible sunflower materials from different regions at home and abroad were used to analyze the genetic characteristics of 12 main agronomic characters in Haining and Huzhou experimental bases in Zhejiang, so as to analyze the differences and inheritance rules of the main characters for oil sunflower and edible sunflower in Zhejiang, and provide theoretical support for the introduction and breeding. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height, total grain number, 100-grain weight, length of seed and width of seed among the 12 agronomic characters of oil sunflower and edible sunflower, and the skewness and kurtosis of main agronomic characters for oil sunflower and edible sunflower ranged from -6.62 to 44.15 at a single place, and the heritability ranged from 0.31 to 0.96, indicating that some agronomic characters were controlled by quantitative traits, such as plant height and total grain number and others, and there might be other inheritance modes of major + minor polygene model. In addition, the heritability of oil sunflower and edible sunflower ranged from 0.00 to 0.99 at the two places, which indicates that some of the traits were greatly influenced by environmental factors. Because the similar meteorological factors in the two places, the soil factor was considered as the most likely one. In addition, the correlation between the main agronomic characters of oil sunflower and edible sunflower was analyzed respectively. The results showed that in oil sunflower and edible sunflower, there was the relationship of mutual influence and restriction between the 12 characters. Among them, plant height was significantly correlated with flower disc size in oil sunflower and edible sunflower, and affected seed setting rate, total grain number and 100-grain weight. This study provides theoretical support for genetic improvement and variety breeding of oil sunflower and edible sunflower, and provides reference for high-yield sunflower cultivation.