Mengmeng  Yin^1,2,4 , Fan  Luo^1,2,4 , Xiaoli  Zhou^1,2,4 , Changhe Wei⁵ , Qian Zhu^1,2,3 , Juan  Li^1,2,3 , Lijuan  Chen^1,2,3 , Dongsun  Lee^1,2,3

1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
2 The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
3 Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
4 College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, 615013, Sichuan, China
5 Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, 615013, Sichuan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Rice Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 6   
Received: 11 Nov., 2024    Accepted: 12 Dec., 2024    Published: 03 Dec., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the impact of environmental factors on the expression of R2R3-MYB genes in dark purple rice and the subsequent effects on anthocyanin biosynthesis and plant adaptation. Many studies revealed that the expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs), which are essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis, is markedly affected by diverse environmental factors, including light, temperature, and oxidative stress. Specifically, the OsC1 gene in rice was identified as a key regulator of anthocyanin production, which in turn enhanced the plant's tolerance to oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species and improving photosynthetic efficiency. Furthermore, the paper present the intricate regulatory mechanisms of these TFs, which encompass diverse levels of control, including natural variations in gene promoters, upstream TFs, and posttranslational modifications. The findings highlight the significance of R2R3-MYB TFs in the adaptive responses of dark purple rice to environmental stresses, particularly through the modulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This enhanced understanding of the regulatory networks can inform future genetic modifications aimed at improving crop resilience and nutritional quality.

R2R3-MYB; Anthocyanin biosynthesis; Dark purple rice; Environmental modulation; Plant adaptation; Oxidative stress; Transcription factors (TFs)