White panicle mutant of rice can be used to study the mechanism of chloroplast development and photosynthesis of pancile, and then to improve and optimize the yield characteristics of grain crops. A white panicle mutant wp7 (whited panicle 7) which found in rice breeding materials was used to do related work from phenotype investigation, chlorophyll content testing, photosynthetic index detection, microscopic structure observation, genetic analysis and gene location. The result showed that wp7 displayed albino glume with green branches and cob at heading stage. The abnormal color of wp7 in panicle was mainly caused by the low content of chlorophyll a, because both of the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of wp7 glume were lower than that of normal glume of wild one, especially the chlorophyll a was the most significantly. The mutations in wp7-related genes may be affected panicle photosynthesis seriously since the net photosynthetic rate was significantly lower than that of normal green panicle but the stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration of white panicle were higher than those of normal green panicle. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation showed that the plastids in white part of wp7 were few in number and abnormal in structure, without normal thylakoid lamella, and the chloroplast lamellar structure in green part was slightly abnormal, which indicated that mutations had a great influence on chloroplast development. Genetic analysis indicated that the albino phenotype of wp7 may be controlled by two pairs of recessive nuclear genes. One of the genes WP7-1 was located between InDel marker C02D089 and C02D095, as 1.6cM and 15.5cM genetic distance respectively on chromosome 2 using backcross population. This study laid a foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of WP7-1 and provided a new material for the study of chloroplast development and photosynthetic mechanism of rice.