Jiansheng Li

Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Maize Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 4   
Received: 18 May, 2024    Accepted: 20 Jun., 2024    Published: 05 Jul., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study aims to synthesize current knowledge on the chloroplast genome of Zea genus, with a focus on its significance in understanding maize domestication. By examining the structure, function, and comparative genomics of the chloroplast genome, we elucidate the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the transition from wild teosinte to cultivated maize. Key findings from chloroplast genome studies reveal that maize originated in the Balsas River Valley, highlighting the genetic diversity within the genus Zea and the evolutionary relationships among maize varieties. Chloroplast DNA analysis uncovers patterns of gene flow, hybridization, and introgression, which contribute to the genetic richness of maize. Positive selection on chloroplast genes associated with photosynthesis and stress response underscores the adaptive changes during domestication. Additionally, advancements in genomic technologies and bioinformatics have enhanced the resolution and accuracy of chloroplast genome assembly and analysis. Chloroplast genome studies provide crucial insights into the genetic and evolutionary dynamics of maize domestication. The integration of chloroplast and nuclear genome data offers a comprehensive understanding of the selective pressures and adaptations that have shaped modern maize. These findings have significant implications for maize breeding, conservation, and global food security, emphasizing the importance of continued research and collaboration in the field of chloroplast genomics.

Zea genus; Chloroplast genome; Maize domestication; Genetic diversity; Phylogenetics; Gene flow; Genomic technologies; Plant breeding