Jiansheng Li

Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Maize Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 2   doi: 10.5376/mgg.2024.15.0009
Received: 15 Feb., 2024    Accepted: 25 Mar., 2024    Published: 10 Apr., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Li J.S., 2024, The spread of maize from southern Mexico: genetic and archaeological perspectives, Maize Genomics and Genetics, 15(2): 80-92 (doi: 10.5376/mgg.2024.15.0009)

Maize (Zea mays), domesticated from its wild ancestor teosinte in southern Mexico around 9 000 years ago, has become one of the most important staple crops globally. This research integrates genetic and archaeological data to trace the domestication, dissemination, and impact of maize. Genetic evidence pinpoints the Balsas River Valley as the center of domestication, with subsequent spread facilitated by genetic diversity and adaptive introgression with local teosinte populations. Archaeological findings corroborate these genetic insights, revealing early cultivation sites and trade routes that enabled maize to adapt to diverse environments across the Americas. The spread of maize significantly influenced ancient agricultural practices, economic structures, and cultural rituals, underlining its role in shaping complex societies. Modern implications emphasize the importance of genetic diversity for breeding resilient maize varieties and the need for interdisciplinary research to address contemporary agricultural challenges. This research highlights the transformative journey of maize from its origin to its current global significance, providing a comprehensive understanding of its past, present, and future.

Maize domestication; Genetic diversity; Archaeological evidence; Crop adaptation; Agricultural practices