Yali Wang , Chunxiang Ma

Modern Agricultural Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 6   
Received: 06 Sep., 2025    Accepted: 23 Oct., 2025    Published: 06 Nov., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) is an important staple food crop worldwide. Its evolutionary history is complex, having undergone multiple polyploidy events and extensive chromosomal rearrangements. This study provides an overview of the structural characteristics of the hexaploid wheat genome and the functional differentiation among the A, B, and D subgenomes. It conducts a detailed analysis of the types of chromosomal rearrangements and their driving mechanisms, with a focus on the roles of homologous recombination and transposition elements. Meanwhile, this study also emphasizes the impact of chromosomal structural variations on gene expression regulation, adaptive evolution, and trait diversification, especially the significance driven by both natural selection and artificial breeding. Through case analysis, it demonstrates the practical application value of chromosomal rearrangement, such as the fusion process of the A, B, and D genomes. And the wide application of wheat-rye translocation lines such as 1BL/1RS in disease-resistant breeding. By revealing the relationship between chromosomal structure and functional genomes, this study is expected to promote molecular design breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat varieties.

Hexaploid wheat; Chromosomal rearrangement; Genomic evolution; Structural variation; Polyploidization