Jianhui Li

Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 6   
Received: 08 Oct., 2024    Accepted: 14 Dec., 2024    Published: 26 Dec., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract　Wheat cultivation is often threatened by pests such as rye whitefly, Russian wheat aphid and green stink bug. These pests reduce wheat yield and quality worldwide. To reduce the use of pesticides, scientists have improved wheat's insect resistance through genetic modification. This approach is not only more environmentally friendly, but also addresses the problem of pest resistance. Traditional breeding, such as direct hybridization and backcrossing, has played a big role in introducing insect resistance. Now with technologies such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), quantitative trait loci mapping (QTL) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), breeding efficiency has become higher. Next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing have also made it easier to find and modify insect-resistant genes. In addition, transgenic methods using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins and RNA interference (RNAi) have enhanced wheat's insect resistance. Using genes from wild relatives and local varieties has also helped increase wheat's genetic diversity. Combining these genetic technologies with agricultural practices such as crop rotation and biological control constitutes an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. Despite the progress made, new pests, the complexity of gene stacking, and technical cost issues remain challenges. In the future, research needs to make greater use of genetic resources, deepen the understanding of insect resistance mechanisms, and combine genomic selection and agronomic innovation. Only in this way can we breed wheat that is more resistant to pests, ensure food security, and achieve sustainable agriculture.

Pest resistance; Wheat breeding; Genetic strategies; CRISPR/Cas9 technology; Integrated pest management (IPM)