Annie Nyu

The HITAR Institute Canada, British Columbia, V4A7Z5, Canada
Author    Correspondence author
Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 5   
Received: 02 Aug., 2024    Accepted: 06 Sep., 2024    Published: 18 Sep., 2024

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Wheat has played a fundamental role in human societal development, from its early domestication in the Neolithic era to its current status as a global staple crop. This study reviews the archaeological, genetic, and historical records of wheat, tracing its evolutionary journey over millennia. Beginning with its domestication in the Fertile Crescent, the research explores wheat's spread to Europe and Asia, its adaptability to diverse climates, and the technological innovations that shaped its cultivation. Special attention is given to wheat's role in ancient empires, the agricultural advancements that promoted its growth, and its integration into cultural and religious practices. The study also examines the impacts of modern developments, including the Green Revolution, genetic engineering, and precision agriculture. Finally, it addresses the contemporary challenges of wheat cultivation, particularly in the context of climate change and sustainability, while reflecting on wheat's ongoing importance to human health and global food security. 

Wheat domestication; Archaeobotany; Neolithic agriculture; Wheat cultivation; Green revolution; Genetic engineering; Climate change adaptation